100 Years Of Solitude Essays - One Hundred Years Of Solitude

100 Years Of Solitude 100 Years of Solitude Similarly as Edmund Spenser trusts in ?the ever-spinning wheel of Change; that which every human thing doth influence,? so too does Gabriel Garc?a M?rquez. In One Hundred Long periods of Solitude, Colonel Aureliano Buend?a encounters life and the progressions which go with it. Spenser sees human life as a consistent change starting with one phase then onto the next. The change might be either positive or negative; yet one thing is sure, change is unavoidable. Colonel Buend?a is a unique character who changes from a hopeful chief into an progressively critical and degenerate man. Around an amazing finish, he disengages himself from the remainder of the world. In the start of Aureliano's profession, he is an optimistic pioneer who is regarded by his friends. He drives an uprising of ?twenty-one men younger than thirty, outfitted with table blades and honed instruments? against the Conservatives possessing Macondo. He adamently can't help contradicting their type of government and starts the change development drove by the anticlerical and vote based bourgeoisie. After the Liberal triumph, Aureltio becomes ?Colonel Aureliano Buend?a.? Aureliano's administration matches his dad's initiative of these youngsters' dads who helped him found the town of Macondo. Likewise, Aureliano orders regard from his subordinates and has gigantic control over other men also. In the wake of being caught by the foe, Aureliano isn't executed in light of the fact that the Preservationist terminating crew is quite glad to switch sides and tail him into the Liberal armed force. Colonel Aureliano has all the earmarks of being unfading and pervasive, returning triumphant, enduring various death endeavors, and proceeding to hold the steadfastness of his companions. At the point when his companion in-arms and most seasoned companion, Colonel Gerineldo M?rquez, proposes union with Aureliano's sister, Amaranta strongly dismisses him in light of the fact that ?[Gerineldo] adores Aureliano so much [he] needs to wed [her] in light of the fact that [he] can't wed [Aureliano].? The Colonel has incredible devotion and fondness from those underneath him. Be that as it may, as Aureliano's mentalities change, he loses their adoration and regard. In the wake of taking on numerous conflicts, Aureliano turns out to be progressively pessimistic and degenerate. He comes to comprehend his own considerations by working out his encounters in section. In this way, he goes to the horrible acknowledgment that ?[he] is battling for pride.? With respect to what Gerineldo calls the ?Great Liberal gathering,? Aureliano pronounces that it ?doesn't mean anything to anyone? since the main contrast between the Liberals and the Preservationists is the various hours that each gathering goes to mass. More awful, he decides that his courageous battle has just been another Latin American strategic maneuver. Moreover, Aureliano is a rat. He is handily convinced to quit any pretense of everything that he has picked up for the Liberal reason: land change, anticlericalism, and the ?desire for uniformity of rights among normal and real youngsters? for cash from the Conservatives. The fighting is pointless and has made him ?spoil alive.? Force has held the Colonel, contorting his optimism and his qualities from his previous days, when he thought it imperative to redistribute lands and ensure non military personnel lives. Similarly, he arranges Gerineldo M?rquez executed on account of a unimportant issue. He at that point goes through the late evening attempting to break ?the hard shell of his isolation? so as to recuperate some sympathy for other people. What results, however, isn't love, however another explosion of pride and force. He chooses to end the common war forcibly rather than exchange. Aureliano's negativity and debased perspective on the world lead to the last heartbreaking phase of his life. In the last piece of his life, the once sublime Colonel Aureliano Buend?a confines himself from his general surroundings. He doesn't have the ability to adore, and the reality that he has engaged in sexual relations with endless ladies, while never learning their names or even trusting that sunlight will see their faces, demonstrates his failure to encounter genuine romance. He has fathered seventeen ?offspring all things considered, all hues, however all guys and all with a look of isolation that left no uncertainty with respect to the relationship.? His lack of interest to his environmental factors and conditions lead to his dejection. Like his dad before him, the Colonel starts to lose contact with the world. He arrives at the outrageous of self-segregation when he arranges a chalk hover drawn around him and won't let anybody, even his mom, come nearer than two meters. The vanity and urgency of his isolation is appeared by his disappointed self destruction endeavor. After the Conservative triumph, he attempts to execute himself by pointing the weapon to his chest. In any case, the shot misses all his imperative organs. For the

Literature Review on two topics (2000 words) Essay

Writing Review on two points (2000 words) - Essay Example Along these lines, this writing survey talks about methodologies relating to dangers evaluations in ventures. Various researchers have analyzed different techniques for evaluating dangers in ventures. Thusly, the subject of techniques for chance evaluation is first rate. The creators chose by this examination present basic distribution that can assist one with clarifying the subject of hazard evaluation extensively. Hazard for all intents and purposes alludes to the chance of misfortune, detriment, decimation or injury that may go with a task. Hazard appraisal involves distinguishing a subjective and quantitative expense of dangers related with the circumstance. The quantitative angle looks at the size of the plausible misfortune and the odds that the hazard will happen. Hazard evaluation ought to be a developing and learning practice, fit for acclimating to novel and dynamic requests of the undertaking. As indicated by McManus (2004), a perfect hazard the board plan should utilize strategic strategies, techniques and devices successful for anticipating every plausible hazard precisely. In a perfect world, considers contend that the hazard the board alludes to an idea of distinguishing hazard, looking at the hazard and layout arrangements or approaches for helping the hazard. Ammar, Kayis and Amornsawadwatana (2012) express that chance appraisals approach ought to include breaking down the encounters of effective tasks and drawing in solid experts and examiners in the field. Techniques for investigating dangers fluctuate with the enterprises and the reason for the evaluation. An examination may have a budgetary reason, ecological or solid effects reason. Studies have recognized various techniques for evaluating dangers. Hazard appraisal strategies can be gathered into three general classes: the subjective, semi-quantitative, and quantitative (McManus 2004, p. 23). As per Wysocki (2012), subjective appraisals empower one to distinguish consents of need and order one that requests straightforward and fast assessment. The strategy is relevant regularly in circumstances

Community Education Officer and Inclusion - 1912 Words

In order to understand the principles of inclusion and organisational structures which are in place within different professional contexts, it is important to expand on personal understanding of a variety of reflective learning models, as well as increasing awareness of inclusion and the diverse range of values which are contained within different ideologies of inclusive practices. Reflection on personal understanding of professional contexts and the variety of personal attributes which are required in order to develop and deliver to service users is equally important. Personal knowledge as well as being mindful of factors which can be further developed or improved upon will enable successful awareness of any primary issues of professional†¦show more content†¦To conclude our learning, from the reflections we have made individually, we should keep these in mind within future forms of professional practice, for example, when we attend an interview in later life. Finally, usin g active experimentation in order to plan for the future and, in effect, practice our reflections and what we have learnt from them to successfully better ourselves professionally (Davies, C, unknown) The role of a Community Education Officer involves encouraging â€Å"educational and developmental activities to all members of the community, regardless of age.† AGCAS (2012). There are a variety of professional attributes which are required in order to qualify for this occupation and perform within the role to the best of ones personal ability, and, as with all occupations there will be aspects of the job in which, as a professional you can use to reflect and improve upon in the future. These professional attributes â€Å"are key skills that employers want to see in applicants...† Holmes (2009), Within this role, some of the professional attributes required include the ability to; provide empathy when required, organise your workload effectively, use multi-agency workin g in order to research, be supportive of the service user’s various needs, encourage learning whenever and wherever possible, work successfully alongside others in a team, as well as making sure thatShow MoreRelatedMajor Events During Colonization Of The First Two Years After Chartering State University1641 Words   |  7 Pagescolonization, for the first two years after chartering and in five to ten years: †¢ Membership goals (recruitment numbers, GPA) †¢ Community interaction and service projects †¢ Campus involvement goals †¢ Programming initiatives (educational/cultural/faculty) †¢ Chapter and alumni board finances †¢ Fundraising efforts †¢ Impact on Greek and Austin Peay State University communities Kappa Kappa Gamma colonies are held to the same expectations and standards as our chapters. Once installed, the chapter will haveRead MoreLeadership, Organization And Administration1529 Words   |  7 Pagesensure that the needs of children with disabilities are met while improving educational outcomes. As with economics as John F. Kennedy coined, â€Å"A rising tide lifts all†, therefore improving the instructional policies and practices in the special education classroom ensures the benefit of all students. Today, schools must provide students with disabilities appropriate access to the general curriculum and effective instructional support. Student progress must be monitored closely and demonstrated throughRead MoreAn Following For Three Specific Periods During Colonization Of The First Two Years After Chartering State University1649 Words   |  7 Pagescolonization, for the first two years after chartering and in five to ten years: †¢ Membership goals (recruitment numbers, GPA) †¢ Community interaction and service projects †¢ Campus involvement goals †¢ Programming initiatives (educational/cultural/faculty) †¢ Chapter and alumni board finances †¢ Fundraising efforts †¢ Impact on Greek and Austin Peay State University communities Kappa Kappa Gamma colonies are held to the same expectations and standards as our chapters. Once installed, the chapter will haveRead MoreSch 31-3.5 Explain How to Access Extra Support or Services to Enable Individuals to Communicate Effectively.1325 Words   |  6 Pagesof  Central Support Services  that form an integral part of the education provision in the Borough. As a diverse borough with children and parents with many different educational needs Hounslow’s teaching Services aim to cater for pupil’s individual and specialist development in their learning attainment, as well as providing support and advice for teaching staff in schools.   These services consist of specialist experienced teaching staff and LA officers who work collaboratively in a range of ways, both in-schoolRead MoreThe Management Styles Of Chief Davis And Chief Fortier943 Words   |  4 Pagesgeneral implementation of departmental change was forced upon the officers and no assurance of competency or training was given. Additionally, as Fortier reached outside of the department in attempts to reach recommended goals, the Administrative style becomes obvious as the need to reach a goal is met by the most effective means, as evidenced in the promotions and outside hiring practices introduced. Likewise as officers and the community alike were accepting and receptive to Davis and the managerialRead MoreCommunity Participation And Social Inclusion1493 Words   |  6 PagesIt is vital to increase community participation and social inclusion to build better communities. This is achievable by reducing the restrictions that have an impact on the participation of many disadvantaged groups, such as people with disability. Studies from the General Social Survey indicate that on average, people with disability are 15% less likely to participate in sport than the overall population. It strongly suggests the type of disability and support needs are important considerationsRead MoreDiversity Experience : Lgbt Context889 Words   |  4 Pages Diversity Experience: LGBT Setting the Context Setting the proper context gives due diligence to the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, (LGBT) community. It shows the great effort put forth in fighting for equality. Setting the proper context requires research of historical and statistical data, which are limited. A majority of the population wishes to suppress the efforts in achieving LGBT equality. Illustrating a historical overview creates a timeline of the major events leading up to the roleRead MoreThe Importance Of Knowledge Program836 Words   |  4 Pagesunderrepresented students to celebrate their accomplishments and graduation. Sport Club Leadership Series The Competitive Sports Program continued to educate Sport Club officers in the areas of financial management, alumni engagement, career preparation, hazing precautions, and community involvement. New this year was a workshop designed to help club officers identify their leadership traits through an assessment. Improving the residence hall experience In response to a survey of residence hall students that measuredRead MoreInclusive Education for Children with Disabilities Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The right to have access to education is a concern for people with disabilities. They were treated poorly and often desegregated from society. The response to the concerns of parents and educators over the exclusion of children with disabilities created the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. The public law â€Å"guaranteed a free, appropriate public education to each child with a disability in every state and locality across the country†. In the 1970s children with disabilitiesRead MoreDeveloping And Designing A New Chief Diversity Officer1381 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the last several decades, the diversity idea has evolved into higher education. However, implementing goals, concepts, and strategy has not been easy. Creating goals to increase multiculturalism, access, equity, and inclusion needs is complex. For nearly 50 years, higher education has actively addressed campus diversity issues (Smith Wolf-Wendel, 2005). In the past, effective diversity changes th at were made were ignored. Attention to diversity is only given in the face of necessary legal

The Trial Scene in The Merchant of Venice Essay - 1010 Words

The Trial Scene in The Merchant of Venice Written between 1596 and 1598 The Merchant of Venice is not one of the most performed plays written by William Shakespeare. The play is classed as one of the sixteen comedy plays and most productions often use modern times and dress. It was performed in front of an audience who were not very well educated but the issues being raised in the play would have been understood. A modern day audience would be less sympathetic than the audience of that period towards the Jew, Shylock. Venice is the setting of the play; a nation that was not ruled by a King or Queen, The city was also the trading centre of the world but at the end of the 16th century was†¦show more content†¦This bond between Shylock and Antonio is the reason for the court scene in Act 4 Scene 1, the dramatic climax of the play. Although it is not the final scene, it is the finale of the The Merchant of Venice where all the perplexing sub-plots and main storyline are pulled together to create an explosive ending. The tension created between Shylock and Antonio is one of the reasons Act 4 Scene 1 is so dramatically effective. At the very beginning of this scene in the play directed by , Shylock is standing and Antonio is seated. This gives the impression that Shylock is the one on trial when in fact it is Antonio. ====================================================================== To suffer with a quietness of spirit -------------------------------------- (Continued on the next page) Poor merchants flesh, Strong emotive language is used to emphasise this point. As well as the stress caused from the trial, Antonios greatest source of wealth, his ships are reported to have Not come home to be sunk, causing him a great deal of anxiety and meaning that he is not being able to pay the bond in time. These reasons make the audiences sympathies with Antonio. Often in the play, Shylock is perceived as inhuman however, in Act 3 SceneShow MoreRelatedThe Merchant of Venice - Trial Scene1350 Words   |  6 PagesKimberley Williamson â€Å"The Merchant of Venice† Analyse how ONE main character’s attempts to solve a problem were important to the text as a whole. In the text, â€Å"The Merchant of Venice,† written and performed by Shakespeare, Antonio, the merchant, borrows money from Shylock, a Jewish moneylender, to send his friend Bassanio overseas to woo and marry Portia. However, failing to pay back the money in time, Shylock takes Antonio to court demanding a pound of his flesh in payment. Portia, oneRead MoreDramatic Tension in the Trial Scene of The Merchant of Venice2028 Words   |  9 Pages How does Shakespeare create dramatic interest for the audience in the trial scene, Act 4 scene 1 in ‘The Merchant of Venice’? In the trial scene (act 4 scene 1), Shakespeare uses many different dramatic techniques to make the tension in the court room rise and build. He also uses dramatic irony and many other techniques to engage an audience in this particular scene in the play. These techniques would work have worked on an Elizabethan audience or a modern day audience. Although, these two erasRead MoreHow Is Dramatic Tension Created in the Trial Scene of the Merchant of Venice?2045 Words   |  9 PagesHow does Shakespeare create dramatic interest for the audience in the trial scene, Act 4 scene 1 in ‘The Merchant of Venice? In the trial scene (act 4 scene 1), Shakespeare uses many different dramatic techniques to make the tension in the court room rise and build. He also uses dramatic irony and many other techniques to engage an audience in this particular scene in the play. These techniques would work have worked on an Elizabethan audience or a modern day audience. Although, these two erasRead MoreThe Merchant Of Venice And The Crucible1491 Words   |  6 Pageshuman relationships in their literary works: The Merchant of Venice and The Crucible respectively. They emphasize this thesis through examples of love, friendship, power and Christianity. Even though love and friendship are regarded as two forms of relationships where no one seeks any pragmatical purpose, in fact they covertly embody different sorts of self-interest. The triangular relationship among Antonio, Bassanio and Portia in The Merchant of Venice and the friendship between Abigail Williams andRead MoreGender Issues In The Merchant Of Venice1359 Words   |  6 PagesThe Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare was an in depth play that contains many issues over race, sexuality, and gender. William Shakespeare does a great job at portraying the characters views on these issues. The conflicts between the characters are captivating. This play has constant complications that can be related to modern times. Right off the bat Shakespeare introduces the characters as having values of honorability, love, passion, and religion. The play is in some way trying to teachRead MoreMerchant of Venice - Plot Structure1714 Words   |  7 Pagesof ‘The Merchant of Venice i s apparently fanciful but in reality exactingly structured./b/center br brThe Merchant of Venice is a fairy tale. There is no more reality in Shylocks bond and the Lord of Belmonts will than in Jack and the Beanstalk. brH. Granville-Barker, in Prefaces to Shakespeare. br brThis is one way of looking at the play, reading it or enjoying the performance. But it can be a contradiction to our actual feelings about this complex play. ‘The Merchant of VeniceRead More Is The Merchant of Venice an Anti-Semitic Play? Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesIs The Merchant of Venice an Anti-Semitic Play?      Ã‚   The Merchant of Venice features a Jewish character that is abused and slandered by nearly every character in the play. Throughout the play the behavior of these characters seems justified. In this way, The Merchant of Venice appears to be an anti-Semitic play. However, The Merchant of Venice contains several key instances, which can be portrayed in a way that criticizes anti-Semitism. The first instance occurs in Act 1, scene 3 whenRead More Portia in Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice and Abigail of Marlowes the Jew of Malta880 Words   |  4 PagesPortia in Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice and Abigail of Marlowes the Jew of Malta Portia and Abigail are two characters with very different values. Portia in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice remained true to her religion, and her father’s wishes throughout the play. Abigail, on the other hand, changed religions and disobeyed her father. However, the writers used these two women to make similar statements about religion. Portia represented the quintessential Christian. AbigailRead MoreThe Merchant of Venice as a Romantic Comedy - Critical Analysis1690 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare was aware of the classical tradition by the chose to follow the Roman tradition of Petrarch and Boccacio. br brShakespeares early comedies were classical in spirit but the later ones were more emotional, fanciful and humorous. ‘The Merchant of Venice falls between there two categories. It leads the list of mature comedies; has more Romantic characteristics than classical. It is also one of the earliest productions of the middle period. In this play Shakespeare seems to have obtained theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Portia 1535 Words   |  7 Pagesthis, the scenes surrounding the caskets in Portia s home should be viewed as trials for the protagonist, and not a sub-plot, as they are often described. By any definition, Portia is the protagonist of the play-- she exhibits the greatest change, the action of the play revolves around her, and she has the largest number of spoken lines. Given her importance to the play, how can the title, The Merchant of Venice, be reconciled? After all, Portia appears to be neither Venetian nor a merchant. While

A Comparison of Lord of the Flies by William Golding to...

A Comparison of Lord of the Flies by William Golding to Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad Works Cited Missing I compared the novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding to Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad. The novels contain a great deal in common and the similarities between these two novels begin with their authors. The personal experiences of both Golding and Conrad encouraged them to write their novels. William Golding was greatly†¦show more content†¦One instance where Jack struggles with the urge to abide by the rules of civilization and the urge to give into savagery is on page 31 where Ralph, Jack, and Simon find a pig caught in creepers and just as Jack draws his knife and raises his arm , his civilized instincts stop him and the pig gets away. When Jack is asked why he didnt kill the pig, it reads They knew very well why he hadnt: because of the enormity of the knife descending and cutting into living flesh; because of the unbearable blood. Also, Jacks promise that next time he will go for the kill foreshadows how he will let his savage instincts take over. Roger also demonstrates the theme of civilization versus savagery on page 62 when he is throwing stones at the littluns it reads, Roger gathered a handful of stones and began to throw them. Yet there was a space around Henry, perhaps six yards in diameter, into which he dare not throw. Here invisible yet strong, was the taboo of the old life. Round the squatting child was the protection of parents and school and policemen and the law. Rogers arm was conditioned by a civilization that knew nothing of him and was in ruins. Rogers civilizing instincts prevents him from hurting Henry with

Oedipus Rex

Oedipus Rex-Sophocles Essay JOCASTAMy lords look amazed to see your queen with wreaths and gifts of incense in her hands. I had a mind to visit the high shrines, for Oedipus is nervous, alarmed with various terrors. He will not use his past experience, like a man of sense, to judge the present need, but lends his ear to any croaker that argues. Since then my counsels dont have an advantage, I turn to thee, our help when we are in trouble, Apollo, Lord Lycean, and to you my prayers and pleas I bring. Ease us, lord, and cleanse us from this curse! For now we all are intimidated. Who see their helmsman confused in the storm. MESSENGER: My masters, tell me where the palace of Oedipus is; or better, wheres the king. CHORUSHere is the palace and he lives within it; this is his queen the mother of his children. MESSENGER: All happiness attend her and the house. Her marriage-bed and husband are both blessed. JOCASTA: My greetings to you, stranger; whose reasonable words deserve a like response. But tell me why have you comewhat do you need or what news do you have?MESSENGER: It is good for your husband and the royal house. JOCASTA: What is it? Whose messenger are you?MESSENGER: The Isthmian commons have resolved to make your husband kingat least that is what I heard. JOCASTA: What! Isnt aged Polybus still king?MESSENGER: No, regretfully; hes dead and in his grave. JOCASTA: What! The sire of Oedipus is dead?MESSENGER: If I dont speak the truth I may die. JOCASTA: Quick, maiden, Tell this news to my lord. The god-sent oracles, where are they now? This is the man whom Oedipus long turned away from, in dread to prove his murderer; and now he dies in natures course, not by Oedipus doings. OEDIPUS: My wife, my queen, Jocasta, why have you called me from my palace. JOCASTA: Listen to this man, and explain what happened to the oracles. OEDIPUS: Who is this man, and what is his news for me?JOCASTA: He comes from Corinth and his message is this: your father Polybus has passed away. OEDIPUS: What? Tell me in your own words. MESSENGER: There is no other way of saying this, the king is dead. OEDIPUS: By old age, or by sickness?MESSENGER: One touch will send an old man to his rest. OEDIPUS: It was sickness then?MESSENGER: Yes, and his age. OEDIPUS:Ah! why should one regard the Pythian hearth or birds that scream in the air? Did they not point at me saying I killed my father? but hes dead and in his grave, and here I am who never touched a sword; unless the longing for his absent son killed him and so I slew him in a sense. But, as they stand, the oracles are deaddust, ashes, nothing, dead as Polybus. JOCASTA: Did I not predict this long ago?OEDIPUS: You did: but I was misled by my fear. JOCASTA: Dont ever think of these things again. OEDIPUS: Can I not fear my mothers marriage bed. JOCASTA: Why should a mortal man, with no assured foreknowledge, be afraid? It is best if one lives a careless life through. Dont fear this marriage with your mother. How often does the chance that a man weds his mother! No reasonable man is troubled by this. OEDIPUS: I should have had full confidence, is not my mother alive; since she lives I still have to worry. JOCASTA: And yet thy sires death lights out darkness much. OEDIPUSMuch, but my fear is touching her who lives. MESSENGERWho may this woman be whom thus you fear?OEDIPUSMerope, stranger, wife of Polybus. .uc3bcdaefc6d71834394447051e18237c , .uc3bcdaefc6d71834394447051e18237c .postImageUrl , .uc3bcdaefc6d71834394447051e18237c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc3bcdaefc6d71834394447051e18237c , .uc3bcdaefc6d71834394447051e18237c:hover , .uc3bcdaefc6d71834394447051e18237c:visited , .uc3bcdaefc6d71834394447051e18237c:active { border:0!important; } .uc3bcdaefc6d71834394447051e18237c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc3bcdaefc6d71834394447051e18237c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc3bcdaefc6d71834394447051e18237c:active , .uc3bcdaefc6d71834394447051e18237c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc3bcdaefc6d71834394447051e18237c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc3bcdaefc6d71834394447051e18237c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc3bcdaefc6d71834394447051e18237c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc3bcdaefc6d71834394447051e18237c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc3bcdaefc6d71834394447051e18237c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc3bcdaefc6d71834394447051e18237c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc3bcdaefc6d71834394447051e18237c .uc3bcdaefc6d71834394447051e18237c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc3bcdaefc6d71834394447051e18237c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Old Civilizations EssayMESSENGERAnd what of her can cause you any fear?OEDIPUSA heaven-sent oracle of dread import. MESSENGERA mystery, or may a stranger hear it?OEDIPUSAye, tis no secret. Loxias once foretoldThat I should mate with mine own mother, and shedWith my own hands the blood of my own sire. Hence Corinth was for many a year to meA home distant; and I trove abroad,But missed the sweetest sight, my parents face. MESSENGERWas this the fear that exiled thee from home?OEDIPUSYea, and the dread of slaying my own sire. MESSENGERWhy, since I came to give thee pleasure, King,Have I not rid thee of this second fear?OEDIPUSWell, thou shalt have due guerdon for thy pains. MESSENGERWell, I confess what chiefly made me comeWas hope to profit by thy coming

Indigenous Organization and Activism in South America an Example of the Topic History Essays by

Indigenous Organization and Activism in South America by Expert Prolific writer | 21 Dec 2016 Introduction Indigenous peoples in South America have had a long history of struggle in terms of preserving their culture, ethnic identity land ownership and other rights which they are entitled to. The history of each of the indigenous groups and organizations have constantly tried to preserve their cultural identity amidst the policies of the State which tend to favor of commercialism, neglecting the distinct identity and needs of the indigenous peoples. Some administrations however, tried to integrate them while others simply ignored this fundamental right of being recognized by the society. This paper hopes to summarize the different experiences of Indigenous Peoples and the different policies that have been made to address the problem. The paper hopes to present its observation and reaction on the subject matter and issues presented. Need essay sample on "Indigenous Organization and Activism in South America" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The Wauja Experience The Wauja or the indigenous peoples living in the Amazon, were said to have struggled over their land rights in South America (Ireland 3). According to Irelands article, they have encountered problems especially with the military governments aim to develop the region economically and to alleviate the overcrowding cities in Brazil (4). This development scheme however not only had ecological consequences but it has threatened the existence of the Wauja (4). The traditional territory in Xingu National Park was left out and became unprotected (5). The areas which were excluded were the fishing grounds, agricultural lands and the so-called Kamukuaka, a sacred cavern and ceremonial ground, was turned into cattle pasture (5). This has also led to economic loss for the Wauja since the area near Kamukuaka is the only source for certain essential raw materials including ceramic pigments, medicinal plants and shells used in trade (6). Poachers also entered the Wauja waters in boats filled with heavily armed men to take commercial quantities of fish for sale in Brazilian towns which posed not only physical danger but have also continued to deprive the Wauja of the fish to which the traditional Wauja economy depended on (7). The incident in early 1989, when the chief and the other elders were shot by the poachers and in June 1990 when the new village which they built were burned although claimed to be non-violent according to the Brazilian government, were the turning point for the Wauja (7). University Students Often Tell EssayLab writers: Who wants to write assignment for me? Essay writer professionals recommend: Find Your Helping Hand! Cheap Writing Services Write My Essay Online Reviews Pay For An Essay Cheap Essay Writing The Wauja asked the government to survey the land officially outside the park, in order to have it included in the park and thereby protected (7). Because of the officials excuse that the government lacked funds for such project, the Wauja together with members of other indigenous communities and volunteers decided to survey the land themselves (7). The surveying was considered an important step in protecting it for Indian people under Brazilian law (8). It stands to set a legal precedent on behalf of all Brazilian Indians (8). Furthermore, the Waujas lawyers sought to challenge the administrative decree that currently prohibits alteration to existing boundaries of indigenous reserves and which denied Indians redress against boundary decisions made without their knowledge and consent (9). The Mapuches The experience of the Mapuches who were considered to be the largest indigenous group in modern Chile, is not far from the experience of the Wauja. According to Sznaiders article, the military government then enacted a law in 1979 that brought about the pision of 90% of the land creating a disharmony between their traditional way of life and the new system of land tenure which also resulted in the disintegration of the communities and emigration (18). This was also the main factor for their pauperization, agricultural marginalization, resulting from the loss of control over large areas of territory, and impaired their capacity to continue raising cattle extensively (19). There have been attempts to integrate the Mapuches into Chiles public life such as their political participation by electing one of their members as deputy of the Chilean parliament (20). During Allendes government there was implementation of agrarian reform laws leading to the restoration of some hectares of Mapuches land (23). The Government then aimed at combining agrarian reform with Mapuche ethnodevelopment and at improving the general standard of living of the Mapuche agrarian population (23). However, there were difficulties arising from this such as restoring the rights of the Mapuches to lands lost during the previous century, devising the right educational policies, providing technical and organizational assistance to the beneficiaries of the law and enacting judicial and administrative reforms to improve relations between Mapuches and Chilean society (24). This law was repealed during the Pinochet period, and the implementation of neoliberal economic policies by a decree that was then enacted, led to a pision of lands in most of the Mapuche communities (24). A decree then was enacted which abolished the protection previously accorded to territories classified as indigenous lands and thus opened the areas to non-Mapuche settlement on a commercial basis such as timber companies exploiting age-old forests of araucaria(25). The free market policies of the military government was said to have resulted in the loss of land and impoverishment for the Mapuches (25). The seriousness of the Mapuche problem and the changes in the political system resulting from the transition to democracy in Chile caused it to resurface as a public issue (27). Hence under the Aylwin administration they tried to address the roots of the problem of the indigenous peoples by reshaping the delicate balance in the 1980 Constitution and opening up the Chilean nation to redefinition (27). Law 19.253 was enacted to protect, support and develop indigenous and set up the National Corporation for Indigenous Development (CONADI) (31). The law constituted a framework for positive discrimination in favor of the indigenous population of Chile (31). But despite the democratization or the return to partial democracy, the practices of dictatorship have not completely disappeared (Marhikewun 212). Chilean governments repressive policy against Mapuche with police raids in several parts of the country (Marhikewun 211). Indigenous law said to be under siege to accommodate multinational corporation and land disputes were then still multiplying (Marhikewun 213). Hence, the problem still continued to persist. Guarani Indians in Bolivia There is a different experience however in Bolivia. According to Hirsch, there is a recognition of ethnic minorities within its boundaries in Bolivia (81). There was said to be an emergence of native organizations which is linked to the presence of non-governmental organizations (82). There are movements that lead to development of organizations having large constituency and receive funding to implement own projects (83). They struggle for rights leading to a process of empowerment and political vindications of native peoples leading to major transformations of the State (83). Bolivia redefined its relations with native peoples by sanctioning new laws that recognize ethnic pluralism of the country and give greater autonomy to native peoples (84). The non-governmental organizations especially in eastern Bolivia have been allowed to implement projects with somewhat little interference from the state leaving an arena for fostering political and social awareness, for training native lead ers, and for the emergence of alternative political groups (84). CIDOB, a pan-Indian confederation that groups the indigenous peoples of eastern Bolivia and the Asamblea del Pueblo Guarani, an intra-ethnic organization composed of only Guarani Indians, constitute a breakthrough in the relations between the Indian population and the State (85). Not only projects aimed at economic development but also ethnic revival and developing both new and traditional and political organizations for self-determination. CIDOB establishes and coordinates activities with popular organizations CIDOB leaders have been skillful in dealing with a variety of officials from anthropologists to World Bank representatives to advance the relationship of Indians with the society (87). Argentine Guarani thus look toward their Bolivian counterparts as model to follow in organizing ethnic lines (81). Observations As can be seen from the experiences of different Indigenous groups, there indeed is a persisting problem of trying to preserve cultural or ethnic identity and the land rights alongside economic development. The State or the government has often than not encountered resistance from Indigenous groups which perceived their policies as a threat not only to their economic survival but to their identity. Although there have been attempts of integrating Indigenous peoples to the society through the enactment of different laws aimed at respecting indigenous peoples rights, the implementation of these laws depended entirely on the current administration hence, there is discontinuity in terms of the policy towards indigenous groups. Law which were enacted, nevertheless fell short of the expectation. There is still a need to reinforce this, and as Marhikewun emphasized, there must be respect for the rule of law to honor agreements signed by the State (Marhikewun 214). The only successful State which has been successful in promoting Indigenous peoples rights is in Bolivia. The non-governmental organizations helped very much in preserving indigenous peoples identity through the implementation of projects and increased access to political power, thus helping advance their cause and recognizing ethnic minorities in the region. The Indian political organizations in Bolivia has indeed led to greater participation of these impoverished and marginalized sectors of the population (Hirsch 2). Indeed the state alone cannot help solve the unending problems of Indigenous Peoples Rights and their marginalization. With other concerns which governments have to deal with, Indigenous peoples right is only one segment of the societys problem which the government has to deal with. The state more often than not, in trying to balance economic development with the preservation of minority groups, have policies leaning towards commercialization. The non-governmental organizations and political organizations are then groups which would constantly remind the government and lobby for the interests of indigenous groups so that economic development maybe achieved without however compromising minorities rights. As for governments which have already made laws aimed at promoting Indigenous peoples rights, the government action should not just stop there. As R. Marhikewun puts it, authorities and political parties must accompany their talk with concrete action and with projects that may be carried out (Marhikewun 212). It should not depend on the current administration but should always be made part of the policy of the government. There should be political will to enforce these laws and the rights to which the Indigenous groups are entitled to. There is still a long way for the problem to be resolved but then if it has been successful in other States to recognize ethnic minorities with the combined role of the non-governmental organizations to advance Indigenous peoples rights then it is possible to achieve a lasting solution. Works Cited Hirsch, S. The Emergence of Political Organizations Among The Guarani Indians of Bolivia and Argentina. Contemporary Indigenous Movements in Latin America. Eds. Languer and Mu-Oz. Wilmington Del, 2003. 81-101. Ireland, E. Neither Warriors nor Victims: The Wauja Peacefully Organize to Defend Their Land. Contemporary Indigenous Movements in Latin America. Eds. Languer and Mu-Oz. Wilmington Del, 2003. 3-15. Marhikewun, R. Indigenous Leaders Speak Out. Contemporary Indigenous Movements in Latin America. Eds. Languer and Mu-Oz. Wilmington Del, 2003. 211-216. Sznaider, M. Ethnodevelopment and Democratic Consolidation in Chile: The Mapuche Question. Contemporary Indigenous Movements in Latin America. Eds. Languer and Mu-Oz. Wilmington Del, 2003. 17-34.